Cardiovascular System
Learning Objectives
- Describe the size, shape, location, and orientation
of the heart in the thorax.
- Name the coverings of the heart.
- Describe the structure and function of each of the
three layers of the heart wall.
- Describe the structure and functions of the four
heart chambers. Name each chamber and provide the name
and general route of its associated great vessel(s).
- Trace the pathway of blood through the heart.
- Explain the significance of the coronary
circulation.
- Name the heart valves and describe their location,
function, and mechanism of operation.
- Describe the structural and functional properties of
cardiac muscle, and explain how it differs from skeletal
muscle.
- Briefly describe the events of cardiac muscle cell
contraction.
- Name the components of the conduction system of the
heart, and trace the conduction pathway.
- Draw a diagram of a normal electrocardiogram tracing.
Name the individual waves and intervals, and indicate
what each represents.
- Describe the timing and events of the cardiac
cycle.
- Name and explain the effects of various factors
regulating stroke volume and heart rate.
- Explain the role of the autonomic nervous system in
regulating cardiac output.
- Describe the three layers that typically form the
wall of a blood vessel, and state the function of
each.
- Define vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
- Compare and contrast the structure and function of
the three types of arteries.
- Describe the structure and function of a capillary
bed.
- Describe the structure and function of veins, and
explain how veins differ from arteries.
- Define blood flow, blood pressure, and resistance,
and explain the relationships between these factors.
- List and explain the factors that influence blood
pressure, and describe how blood pressure is
regulated.
- Define hypertension. Describe its manifestations and
consequences.
- Outline factors involved in capillary dynamics, and
explain the significance of each.
- Define circulatory shock. List several possible
causes.
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