Digestive System
Learning Objectives
- Describe the function of the digestive system, and
differentiate between organs of the alimentary canal and
accessory digestive organs.
- List and define the major processes occurring during
digestive system activity.
- Describe stimuli and controls of digestive
activity.
- Describe the location and function of the
peritoneum.
- Indicate the importance of the hepatic portal
system.
- Describe the tissue composition and the general
function of each of the four layers of the alimentary
canal.
- Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy and the
basic functions of the mouth, pharynx, and
esophagus.
- Describe the composition and functions of saliva, and
explain how salivation is regulated.
- Identify structural modifications of the wall of the
stomach that enhance the digestive process.
- Name the cell types responsible for secreting the
various components of gastric juice and indicate the
importance of each component in stomach activity.
- Describe stomach structure and indicate changes in
the basic alimentary canal structure that aid its
digestive function.
- Explain how gastric secretion and stomach motility
are regulated.
- Identify and describe structural modifications of the
wall of the small intestine that enhance the digestive
process.
- Differentiate between the roles of the various cell
types of the intestinal mucosa.
- Describe the function of local intestinal hormones
and paracrines.
- Describe the histologic anatomy of the liver.
- State the role of bile in digestion and describe how
its entry into the small intestine is regulated.
- Describe the role of the gallbladder.
- State the role of pancreatic juice in digestion.
- Describe how entry of pancreatic juice into the small
intestine is regulated.
- List the major functions of the large intestine.
- List the enzymes involved in chemical digestion; name
the foodstuffs on which they act.
- List the end products of protein, fat, carbohydrate,
and nucleic acid digestion.
- Describe the process of absorption of breakdown
products of foodstuffs that occurs in the small
intestine.
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